Energy Efficiency Optimization and Real-Time Monitoring of Photovoltaic Systems: Towards Intelligent Solar Power Management

Olteanu Ana-Maria, Bizon Nicu, Dragusin Sebastian-Alexandru

Abstract


This paper presents an integrated approach to optimizing the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems by combining advanced monitoring techniques with hardware and software solutions. The study begins with a theoretical analysis of photovoltaic technologies, solar controllers (PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation), MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking)), and the environmental factors affecting efficiency. It then proposes a real-time monitoring system that collects data on temperature, humidity, and voltage across the panel and battery, enabling precise performance evaluation. Statistical methods are applied to analyze the collected data and identify optimal conditions. The system uses microcontrollers (ESP8266), sensors, and a virtual instrumentation dashboard for real-time visualization. The research demonstrates how continuous monitoring and data-driven analysis can improve energy efficiency, system reliability, and long-term cost reduction.


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